Ultrasonic Physiotherapy

Principle of Ultrasonic Physiotherapy: Therapeutic ultrasound machines produce sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper limit of human hearing, typically in the range of 0.8 to 3.0 MHz (megahertz). These sound waves are generated by a transducer and are delivered to the body through a coupling gel to ensure good contact between the skin and the transducer.

Mechanical and Thermal Effects: Ultrasonic waves have two primary effects on tissues:

• Mechanical Effects: Ultrasonic waves create microscopic vibrations within the tissues, which can help to break down scar tissue, improve circulation, and enhance the permeability of cell membranes. This can aid in reducing muscle spasms and promoting tissue relaxation.

• Thermal Effects: The absorption of ultrasound energy generates heat deep within the body tissues. This heat can increase blood flow, relax muscles, and relieve pain. It can also stimulate the healing process by promoting the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to injured areas.

Conditions Treated: Ultrasonic physiotherapy is commonly used to treat a range of musculoskeletal conditions, including:

• Tendinitis and tendinosis
• Muscle strains and sprains
• Ligament injuries
• Joint contractures
• Scar tissue adhesions
• Osteoarthritis pain
• Bursitis
• Trigger points and myofascial pain

Treatment Procedure: During an ultrasonic physiotherapy session:

• The physiotherapist applies a water-based coupling gel to the skin over the area to be treated.
• The transducer is then moved in a circular or linear motion over the gel-covered skin. This ensures even distribution of ultrasound energy.
• The duration of treatment typically ranges from 5 to 10 minutes, depending on the condition being treated and the specific parameters chosen.

Parameters: The physiotherapist can adjust various parameters of the ultrasound machine, including frequency, intensity, and treatment duration, to customize the treatment based on the patient’s needs and the specific condition.

Safety Precautions: Ultrasonic physiotherapy is considered safe when administered by trained professionals. However, certain precautions are taken, such as avoiding direct contact with bones, open wounds, and areas with reduced sensation. Protective eyewear may also be used by the patient and therapist to shield the eyes from scattered ultrasound waves.

Number of Sessions: The number of ultrasonic physiotherapy sessions required varies depending on the condition and the individual’s response to treatment. It is often part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program that includes other modalities and exercises.